Kidney cancer symptoms
Overview
Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor from the renal parenchyma, also known as renal cell carcinoma is the most common kidney tumor, kidney tumor accounting for about 75% ~ 80%, age at onset of many in the 40-year-old to 60 years old, many male in female, about 3 ~ 5:1, on both sides of the kidneys no significant differences in incidence, while incidence are rare.
Etiology
Kidney cancer from the renal tubular epithelial cells, outer envelope has, bright yellow cut surface, such as tumor hemorrhage is accompanied by red, brown or brown, often cystic degeneration and central necrosis, calcification, if, like a leather . Often seen under the microscope two types, one for clear cell carcinoma, this type of cancer cell differentiation better; the other for the granulosa cell carcinoma, poor differentiation of cancer cells, and higher degree of malignancy.
Symptoms
Renal cancer typical clinical manifestations are hematuria, mass and low back pain, but generally only to the three symptoms of advanced disease when they occur simultaneously.
1. Hematuria: the entire process painless gross hematuria often are sick to get medical treatment early hair symptoms, often without any incentives, nor accompanied by other urinary symptoms. After several hematuria often stop on its own again after the attack, his condition gradually increase.
2. Mass: tumor grow up in the margin of the rib mass hit.
3. Pain: kidney cancer early, often without any pain discomfort due to pain caused by renal cell carcinoma itself accounted for only about 40% of patients. 4. Others: left kidney tumor may be associated with secondary left varicocele, tumor thrombus invasion of inferior vena cava can occur when the lower extremity edema, lesions in patients with distant metastasis, may be symptoms of metastases. About 43% of hypertensive patients is still emerging performance often apparent in patients with advanced weight loss, anemia, cachexia and other weight-loss performance.
Check
1. B-ultrasonic examination: non-invasive and can repeat the examination, can accurately distinguish cystic lesions or solid lesions.
2. CT scanning: CT scanning is not only able to correctly distinguish the nature of lesions are cystic or solid, the more vividly reflects the anatomical structure of the variation, after application of contrast agents are still capable of understanding the situation of renal function, this project has been classified as current renal Cancer preoperative routine examination.
3. Intravenous pyelography: the adoption of excretory urography, not only can see the renal pelvis caused by calyceal pressure situation, but also to understand the function of the contralateral kidney, which decided to remove kidney disease is an important prerequisite.
4. NMR: According to statistics, the application of magnetic resonance imaging for clinical staging of renal cell carcinoma can achieve an accuracy rate of 90%.
5. Renal artery angiography and embolization: renal artery angiography for renal cysts and renal tumors have an important role in the differential. Once the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma line contrast at the same time that arterial embolization. Will enable the tumor after embolization reduced intraoperative bleeding and to reduce the proliferation of tumor thrombi, surgery may also reduce the degree of difficulty.
6. Laboratory examination: renal cell carcinoma in patients with gross hematuria in a large number of seizures after general exist under a greater or lesser extent in urine red blood cells, some sick urine cytology can be found in the cancerous cells, but relatively low positive rate.
7. Other: cystoscopy attack in hematuria hematuria can see where the side clearance from the option of the application.
Treatment
1. Surgical treatment: renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by one early trip nephrectomy. To have lung metastasis, the patient generally fair and vital organs can tolerate surgery for resection of primary renal cell carcinoma, and alleviate the condition has a certain advantage.
2. Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is currently used mainly for renal cell carcinoma patients: ① young patients, a history of short, rapid tumor growth, toxicity symptoms were line preoperative radiotherapy can reduce the tumor size; ② cancer has spread to nearby organs or tumor resection is not complete cases, postoperative radiotherapy can reduce local recurrence; ③ advanced renal cell carcinoma can not be surgically removed, radiation therapy can reduce pain, hematuria and symptoms of tumor toxicity.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy for renal cell carcinoma less effective, combined with chemotherapy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in recent years carried out in vitro susceptibility testing, screening of chemotherapeutic drugs may have certain benefits.
4. Hormone therapy: progesterone, testosterone for metastatic renal cell carcinoma can play the role of disease remission.
5. Immunotherapy: BCG, transfer factor, immune RNA, interferon, IL-such as the prevention of recurrence or alleviate the progression of the disease there is some use.
