What is kidney cancer
Renal cell carcinoma are the most common adult kidney tumor. Male to female ratio of about 3.5:1, and often happen after the age of 40, sometimes 30 years of age, the individual age of only 20 years old. Male smokers are the cause of kidney cancer, female smokers had nothing to do with them. Male smokers and exposure to cadmium from industrial environment than adult kidney. Coffee may increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma, has nothing to do with coffee consumption. Incidence of renal cell carcinoma tend to have family. Renal cell carcinoma from renal tubular epithelial cells. Gradually grow up and pelvis when invasive hematuria. Such as penetrating the renal capsule can be invasive perirenal fat or adjacent organs. Renal cell carcinoma> 3cm transfer that is easy to happen.
Clinical manifestations
1. Early asymptomatic. Cancer development of the main symptoms of intermittent painless gross hematuria.
2. Cancer is located in lower pole renal or larger, the upper can and the mass.
3. Pain for advanced symptoms, often dull pain waist.
4. Extrarenal manifestations were fever, hypertension, hypercalcemia, many levels, varicocele, cachexia, and tumor metastasis symptoms.
Diagnosis based on
1. Age> 40-year-old male has painless gross hematuria, and renal cell carcinoma should be suspected; 2. Urography showed renal lesions. 3. Ultrasonography showed localized thickening protruding renal, kidney Collection Department of echo shift under pressure, intrarenal hypoechoic round mass. 4.CT scan showed substantial intrarenal lesions accounted bit. 5. Blood alkaline phosphatase increased value.
Treatment principles
1. Early radical nephrectomy;
2. Preoperative renal artery embolization can reduce the bleeding and to prevent the spread of cancer in patients.
3. Such as solitary kidney or bilateral renal cell carcinoma renal cell carcinoma and contralateral renal function well, and should be held in the renal nephron sparing surgery organizations such as partial nephrectomy can be a tumor cut out.
4. Vena cava tumor thrombus in the renal radical excision, the removal of intravenous thrombi or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus removed.
5. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune therapy and hormone treatment are not sure.
Use the principles of
Renal cancer chemotherapy, immune therapy and hormone treatment is not certain that United can be used for more than two kinds of treatment effect is good.
